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The Mulao ethnic group, also known as the "Mulam" or "Mulao," is one of the 5...
The Mulao ethnic group, also known as the "Mulam" or "Mulao," is one of the 56 ethnic groups in China, primarily concentrated in the Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Over the centuries, the Mulao people have developed a unique agricultural history that is deeply rooted in their traditional culture and way of life.Agricultural BeginningsThe agricultural history of the Mulao people dates back to ancient times. Like many other ethnic groups in China, the Mulao initially depended on agriculture for their livelihood, practicing a mixed economy of farming and hunting. However, due to their limited land resources and the challenging terrain of their habitat, the Mulao people had to be innovative and resourceful in their agricultural practices.The Transition to Intensive AgricultureBy the 1980s, the Mulao Autonomous County had made significant progress in agricultural development. The implementation of the "double contract" responsibility system in 1982 marked a turning point in agricultural production. This system gave the Mulao people greater autonomy in their agricultural activities, allowing them to invest their own labor and capital in farming. This marked a significant departure from the previous collectivized system, which had hindered agricultural productivity.With the newfound autonomy, the Mulao people were able to engage in intensive agricultural practices, such as investing in fertilizer and pesticides, irrigating their fields, and cultivating high-yielding crop varieties. This transformation led to a rapid increase in agricultural production, with the county's grain output reaching a historical high of 102.77 million kilograms in 1983, a 2.14-fold increase compared to 1952 and a 34.38% increase from 1978.Agricultural Development in the New CenturyIn the new century, the Mulao Autonomous County has continued to promote agricultural development, focusing on the industrialization of agriculture. The government has implemented policies and measures to encourage the development of high-yield, high-quality, and efficient agriculture. This has led to the emergence of new agricultural models, such as the "company + base + farmer" model, which has effectively promoted the industrialization of agriculture.The county has also prioritized the development of key industries such as sugarcane, wild grape cultivation, and cattle breeding. These industries have become the mainstay of the county's agricultural economy, contributing significantly to its economic growth. In 2006, the total value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery in the county reached 1.024 billion yuan, an increase of 13.8% compared to previous years.ConclusionThe agricultural history of the Mulao people is a testament to their resilience, innovation, and hard work. Despite the challenges posed by limited land resources and challenging terrain, the Mulao people have been able to transform their agricultural sector and achieve remarkable success. Their unique agricultural practices and traditions have not only contributed to their own economic growth but have also enriched the cultural diversity of China's agricultural landscape.